Optimization of Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel by Addition of Cold Flow Improver
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v4n1.76Abstract
Despite the renewable and sustainable characteristics, biodiesel is poor in cold flow property (CFP) which causes a significant drawback that have limited its application. Thickening or crystallization of biodiesel in low temperature can readily result in the clogging of fuel pipes and fuel filters. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum properties of blended biodiesel that gives the most accurate simulation results of blended biodiesel’s CFP. TmoleX18 and COSMOthermX were used to identify the viscosities and densities of pure palm oil biodiesel and pure ethanol under different temperatures. The densities, viscosities and pour points of ethanol blended biodiesel was then calculated by using Grunberg-Nissan and, Riazi and Daubert equations. The simulation results were obtained under different compositions of ethanol added from 0 to 0.2 mole fraction at temperature range of 30 °C to -5 °C. The optimum combination of viscosities and densities of blended biodiesel for the blended cold flow properties was at 10 °C and 30 °C respectively. The simulation error at 0.1 mole fraction of ethanol was 0.92 %.
References
Dwivedi, G., and M. P. Sharma. 2014. Impact of cold flow properties of biodiesel on engine performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31: 650-656.
Meher, L. C., D. Vidya Sagar, and N. S. Naik. 2006. Technical aspects of biodiesel production by transesterification—a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 10(3): 248-268.
Zhang, Y., M. A. Dubé, D, D, McLean, and M. Kates. 2003. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil: 2. Economic assessment and sensitivity analysis. Bioresource Technology, 90(3): 229-240.
Saxena, P., S. Jawale, and M. H. Joshipura. 2013. A Review on Prediction of Properties of Biodiesel and Blends of Biodiesel. Procedia Engineering, 51: 395-402.
Boshui, C., S. Yuqiu, F. Jianhua, W. Jiu, and W. Jiang. 2010. Effect of cold flow improvers on flow properties of soybean biodiesel. Biomass and Bioenergy, 34(9): 1309-1313.
Wang, J., Cao, L., and Han, S. (2014). Effect of polymeric cold flow improvers on flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Fuel, 117: 876-881.
Altaie, M. A. H., Janius, R. B., Rashid, U., Taufiq Yap, Y. H., Yunus, R., and Zakaria, R. (2015). Cold flow and fuel properties of methyl oleate and palm-oil methyl ester blends. Fuel. 160: 238-244.
Cao, L., Wang, J., Liu, C., Chen, Y., Liu, K., and Han, S. (2014). Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer: A bio-based cold flow improver for waste cooking oil derived biodiesel blends. Applied Energy, 132: 163-167.
Cao, L., Wang, J., Liu, K., & Han, S. (2014). Ethyl acetoacetate: A potential bio-based diluent for improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. Applied Energy, 114: 18-21.
Makarevičienė, V., Kazancev, K., and Kazanceva, I. (2015). Possibilities for improving the cold flow properties of biodiesel fuel by blending with butanol. Renewable Energy, 75: 805-807.
Lapuerta, M., J. Rodriguez-Fernandex, D. Fernandex-Rodriguez, and R. Patino-Camino. 2017. Modeling viscosity of butanol and ethanol blends with diesel and biodiesel fuels. Fuel, 199: 332-338.
Riazi, M. R. 2005. Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions, Philadelphia, PA. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
Verma, P., M. P. Sharma, and G. Dwivedi. 2016. Evaluation and enhancement of cold flow properties of palm oil and its biodiesel. Energy Reports, 2: 8-13.
Ramirez Verduzco, L. F. 2013. Density and viscosity of biodiesel as a function of temperature: Empirical models. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 19: 652-665.
