ECONOMIC INVESTIGATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AN INSTALLED HYBRID PV/BATTERY SYSTEM IN NAJAF CITY, IRAQ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v8.207Keywords:
solar photovoltaics; hybrid system; diesel; HOMER; IRAQ.Abstract
Iraq experiences chronic electricity shortages despite having abundant solar energy potential, with most cities receiving utility power for less than 15 hours per day. To mitigate reliance on expensive and polluting private generators, this study evaluates the performance and cost-effectiveness of a residential hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/battery system in Najaf City. The research aims to assess the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of the system, focusing on its ability to supply electricity during both grid-connected and blackout periods. A 5.7 kW PV system integrated with a lithium battery storage unit and smart inverter was installed at a household site. Load estimation, system design, and component specification were conducted based on actual consumption patterns. HOMER Pro software was used to simulate performance data, solar irradiance, and temperature profiles. Cost comparisons were made between the hybrid system and private diesel generators over a 20-year project lifespan. The results demonstrated that the PV/battery system generated more electricity than consumed, with a total production of 5.85 MWh compared to 5.55 MWh of usage over a 7-month period. The system reduced CO₂ emissions by 3.14 tons and offered significant economic savings. While the private generator's projected cost was USD 13,420, the hybrid system cost only USD 9,088 under normal conditions or USD 11,488 in worst-case scenarios, representing up to 40% in savings. Payback period analysis showed a return on investment in less than one year. Compared to previous studies that primarily relied on simulations, this research uniquely incorporates real-world performance data from an operational system, offering empirical validation of technical and economic viability. The significance of this study highlights the practical effectiveness and financial attractiveness of hybrid PV/battery systems for residential use in Iraq and similar regions with frequent power outages. Adoption of such systems can support national sustainability goals, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and promote cleaner energy access for communities.
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