Carbon Footprint of An Offshore Survey by Oil and Gas Service Provider Company

Authors

  • Cai Hui Lam Centre of Hydrogen Energy
  • Mimi H. Hassim Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Univerisiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
  • Ho Wai Shin Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v5n2.116

Keywords:

carbon footprint; carbon accounting; climate change; greenhouse gas emission; greenhouse gas protocol

Abstract

The rapid development of global economy has leaded to climate change issues. The greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide have driven the issues of climate change and become one of the concerns confronting human society. An offshore survey project that carried out by a service provider company in oil and gas industry was chosen for the carbon footprint estimation during the project’s operation in this study. The major objective of this study is to calculate the carbon footprint of the above-mentioned project in terms of CO2, eq and use it as a benchmark or reference for the company, as well as to create an Excel Tool that can be used as a carbon footprint calculator. Greenhouse Gas Protocol methodology is to generate the framework for the project in this study. There have three unavoidable sources: fuel combustion by survey vessel, transportation involved and water consumption during the operation of the project. The emission factors approach is used in this study to quantify the emission of GHGs from the project. Emission factor values will be obtained from the published report that revised by Federal Register of Legislation in 2020. The carbon footprint of the project was calculated to be 130.44 tons of CO2, eq. Scope 1 accounted for 96.05% of the carbon footprint, which comprised fuel combusted by survey vessel.

References

Zhang, J., Qian, X., & Feng, J. (2020). Review of carbon footprint assessment in textile industry. Ecofeminism and Climate Change, 1(1), 51-56. doi:10.1108/EFCC-03-2020-0006

Wuebbles, D. J., Fahey, D. W., Hibbard, K. A., DeAngelo, B., Doherty, S., Hayhoe, K., . . . Weaver, C. P. (2017). Executive summary. In Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I (pp. 12-34). Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Global Change Research Program.

Easterling, D. R., Wuebbles, D. J., Hayhoe, K., Knutson, T., Kopp, R. E., Kossin, J. P., . . . Wehner, M. F. (2017). Our globally changing climate. In D. J. Wuebbles, D. W. Fahey, K. A. Hibbard, D. J. Dokken, B. C. Stewart, & T. K. Maycock (Eds.), Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I (pp. 35-72). Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Global Change Research Program

Fahey, D. W., Doherty, S., Hibbard, K. A., Romanou, A., & Taylor, P. C. (2017). Physical drivers of climate change. In D. J. Wuebbles, D. W. Fahey, K. A. Hibbard, D. J. Dokken, B. C. Stewart, & T. K. Maycock (Eds.), Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume I (pp. 73-113). Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Global Change Research Program.

Koondhar, M. A., Udemba, E. N., Cheng, Y., Khan, Z. A., Koondhar, M. A., Batool, M., & Kong, R. (2021). Asymmetric causality among carbon emission from agriculture, energy consumption, fertilizer, and cereal food production – A nonlinear analysis for Pakistan. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 45, 101099. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101099

Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.). (2014). Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved from Geneva, Switzerland:

Malakahmad, A., Abualqumboz, M. S., Kutty, S. R. M., & Abunama, T. J. (2017). Assessment of carbon footprint emissions and environmental concerns of solid waste treatment and disposal techniques; case study of Malaysia. Waste Management, 70, 282-292. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.044

Rasheed, R., Javed, H., Rizwan, A., Sharif, F., Yasar, A., Tabinda, A. B., . . . Su, Y. (2021). Life cycle assessment of a cleaner supercritical coal-fired power plant. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123869. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123869

Li, X.-Y., & Tang, B.-J. (2017). Incorporating the transport sector into carbon emission trading scheme: an overview and outlook. Natural Hazards, 88(2), 683-698. doi:10.1007/s11069-017-2886-3

Ekins, P., Gupta, J., & Boileau, P. (2019). Global Environment Outlook – GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People (U. N. Environment Ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved from Geneva, Switzerland:

WHO. (2018). COP24 Special Report: Health and Climate Change. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Harangozo, G., & Szigeti, C. (2017). Corporate carbon footprint analysis in practice – With a special focus on validity and reliability issues. Journal of Cleaner Production, 167, 1177-1183. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.237

ISO. (2018). In. Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization.

Radonjič, G., & Tompa, S. (2018). Carbon footprint calculation in telecommunications companies – The importance and relevance of scope 3 greenhouse gases emissions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 98, 361-375. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.018

Aujoux, C., Kotera, K., & Blanchard, O. (2021). Estimating the carbon footprint of the GRAND Project, a multi-decade astrophysics experiment. Astroparticle Physics, 102587. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2021.102587

Federal Register of Legislation. (2020). National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting (Measurement) Determination 2008: Federal Register of Legislation.

Brandon Graver, P. D., Kevin Zhang, & Dan Rutherford, P. D. (2019). CO2 emissions from commercial aviation, 2018.

Accellereon (2021) Maritime cargo. Retrieved 25 October, 2021 from https://new.abb.com/turbocharging/maritime-cargo-vessels---is-bigger-better.

Mustaqim, M., Mohamad Hashim, M. S., Abu bakar, S., Mohamad Razlan, Z., Ibrahim, Z., Khairunizam, W., . . . Nagaya, Y. (2018). Comparative Study on Fuel Consumption and Different Driving Cycles for a Passenger Car in Malaysia via 1-D Simulation. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 429, 012057. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/429/1/012057

Department of Transport. (2021). Transport and Environment Statistics 2021 Annual report. Retrieved from United Kingdom https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/984685/transport-and-environment-statistics-2021.pdf [2] Rosmin, N., M. S. Abdul Manaf, M. Y. Hassan, M. A. B. Sidik. 2014. ‘A Feasibility Study of Tidal Energy Potential through Double – Emptying Scheme in Malaysia’ in Ocean Renewable Energy: The New Frontier in Malaysia. Penerbit UTM Press.

Downloads

Published

2023-02-01

How to Cite

Lam, C. H., Mimi H. Hassim, & Ho Wai Shin. (2023). Carbon Footprint of An Offshore Survey by Oil and Gas Service Provider Company. Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST), 5(2), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.11113/jest.v5n2.116

Issue

Section

Articles